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62 d Congress, » HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ( Report 

Sd Session. j j No. 1244. 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 


August 24, 1912. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of 
the Union and ordered to be printed. 


U.S. 

Mr. Burnett, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, 
submitted the following 

REPORT. 

[To accompany H. J. Res. 289.] 

The Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, to which was 
referred the House joint resolution (H. J. Res. 289) entitled “Joint 
resolution in relation to a monument to commemorate the services and 
sacrifices of the women of the country to the cause of the Union 
during the Civil War,” beg to report the same, with the following 
amendments: 

Page 1, line 4, after the word “of,” strike out the word “three” 
and insert the word “four”. 

Page 2, line 1, after the word “than,” strike out the word “six” 
and insert the word “seven.” 

Page 3, line 4, after the word “ by,” strike out all of the remainder 
of paragraph and insert a comma and the following: 

And the building erected thereon shall be the property of the United States, but the 
American National Red Cross shall at all times be charged with and responsible for 
the care, keeping, and maintenance of the said memorial and grounds without 
expense to the United States; subject to such further direction and control as may 
be provided by law. 

Appended is the report of a hearing before the Committee on the 
Library of the Senate, on May 20, 1912, relating to the bill and also^a 
financial statement of the National Red Cross to June 30, 1912. 

Mh. z. 

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Ml^ si 












MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 


MONDAY, MAY 20, 1912. 

1 

Committee on the Library, 

United States Senate, 

Washington, D. C. 

The committee met at 11.15 o’clock a. m. 

Present: Senators Wetmore (chairman) and Newlands. 

Also appeared: Miss Mabel T. Boardman, National Red Cross; Maj. 
Gen. George W. Davis, United States Army, retired, National Red 
Cross, and Mr. James A. Scrymser, representing the Commandery of 
the State of New York of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of 
the United States. 

The Chairman (Senator Wetmore). The clerk will read the bill. 

The bill is as follows: 

[S. J. Res. 95, Sixty-second Congress, second session.l 

JOINT RESOLUTION Providing for a monument to commemorate the services and sacrifices of the 
women of the country to the cause of the Union during the Civil War. 

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in 
Congress assembled , That there be hereby appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of three hundred thousand dollars as a 
part contribution to the acquisition of a site and the erection thereon of a memorial 
in the District of Columbia to commemorate the services and sacrifices of the loyal 
women of the United States during the Civil War. 

Sec. 2. That said memorial shall be a building monumental in design and charac¬ 
ter, and shall be used as the permanent headquarters of the American Red Cross, 
and shall cost, with the site, not less than six hundred thousand dollars. 

Sec. 3. That the sum hereby appropriated shall not be payable until there shall 
have been raised by private subscription by the Commandery of the State of New York 
of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States an additional sum of 
three hundred thousand dollars. 

Sec. 4. That the money hereby appropriated shall not be paid for any site nor 
toward the construction of any memorial unless the site and the plan for the proposed 
building shall have been approved by a commission consisting of the Secretary of 
War of the United States, a representative of the Commandery of the State of New 
York of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and a repre¬ 
sentative of the American Red Cross, which representatives shall be duly designated 
by said associations, respectively, to act for them. The plans of the said memorial 
shall likewise be approved by the Commission of Fine Arts. The expenditure for 
said site and memorial shall be made under the direction of the commission consisting 
of the Secretary of War and the representatives of the Commandery of the State of 
New York of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States and the 
American Red Cross; and the said memorial shall be constructed under the super¬ 
vision of an officer of the Corps of Engineers appointed by the Secretary of War, 
who shall act as the executive disbursing officer of the commission. 

Sec. 5. That the title to the site procured shall be taken by the United States, 
but the American National Red Cross shall at all times be charged with and be 
responsible for the care, keeping, and maintenance of the said memorial and grounds 
without expense to the United States. 


3 



4 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEK ^'HE UNITED STATES. 


STATEMENT OF MISS MABEL T. BOARDMAN, AMERICAN 
NATIONAL RED CROSS. 

The Chairman. Miss Boardman, if you desire, you may proceed. 

Miss Boardman. In the first place, as I said in the committee 
meeting in the House of Representatives, I would like to say a word 
from the woman’s point of view on the question of this proposed 
memorial. I think the women who gave those who were dearer to 
them than life itself for the preservation of the Union, who worked 
so diligently all through the war in the Sanitary Commission, in which 
their energies centered, and for which $5,000,000 were raised—who, 
it is estimated, raised $50,000,000 outside of the Sanitary Commission— 
these women who sacrificed not only a great deal in what they gave 
up in their own home comfort, but who worked in the hospitals and 
on the battle fields, have thus far received no recognition of all this 
by the Government. 

I believe that the people of our country would approve heartily 
of such a recognition as this memorial of all that the women did for 
the sake of the Union, which everybody is now glad was preserved. 
Congress or the Government has expended for memorials to men, 
when the Lincoln memorial is finished, about $5,000,000. Now, in 
this proposition for a memorial to the women in appreciation of all 
that they did, half of the amount appropriated will be contributed, 
so that the Government is only asked for half of what the whole 
memorial will cost. 

It is then a very pertinent question, I think, to ask why this 
memorial which is to be provided, if the plan is carried out, should 
be not merely a memorial but a useful memorial, to continue the 
kind of work which was done by women during the Civil War—to 
provide for the use of the National Red Cross headquarters in per¬ 
petuity. It is a very pertinent question, I think, to ask how the 
Red Cross is of use to the Government if it is to have the use of this 
proposed memorial building. 

In the first place, as you know, Congress created the Red Cross, 
under the treaty of Geneva, to take charge of the volunteer work dur¬ 
ing wars. There has to be some official society to do this work. The 
President of the United States appoints upon the governing board of 
the Red Cross the central committee, a chairman, and a representation 
of the five departments—the State Department, the Treasury Depart¬ 
ment, the War Department, the Navy Department, and the Depart¬ 
ment of Justice. All the accounts of the National Red Cross are 
audited by the War Department, and the annual report has to be sub¬ 
mitted to Congress, so that it has a general oversight of the work of the 
Red Cross. 

Under this central committee the work of the Red Cross is divided 
into 3 departments, each under a board of 15, whose chairman and 
vice chairman are members of the central committee. For instance, 
there is the war relief board, the chairman and vice chairman of which 
are the Surgeon General of the Army and the Surgeon General of the 
Navy. This board has charge of all volunteer relief work in time of 
war. It has, for example, a list of all coastwise ships which could be 
used for hospital purposes and a list of the equipment of such ships. 
This board is also studying other questions, questions of hospital 
trains, etc.; but I will not go into these details. 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 5 

I want to speak more at length upon two subcommittees. First, 
the subcommittee on Red Cross nursing service. 

Some years ago the Army tried to establish an Army nurse reserve; 
but that effort was not a success. It failed to secure a sufficient num¬ 
ber of nurses. The subcommittee of this board on the Red Cross nurs¬ 
ing service consists of 15 members. At the head of this committee is 
Miss Jane Delano. Miss Delano used to be at the head of the Bellevue 
Training School for Nurses in New York. She reorganized for the 
Army their whole Army-nurse service, and after she had done that she 
resigned to give her whole time, without any remuneration, to the Red 
Cross work. She has organized a body of 3,000 of the best-trained 
nurses of the country, who are required to come up to the highest 
standard and who have promised in their agreement with the Red 
Cross that they will report for active service ip time of war or disaster. 
They come the moment they are needed. They are not taken from 
nursing one sick person to send them to another; but as soon as they 
are at liberty they agree to respond to the call of the Red Cross. 
These nurses must be graduates of schools connected with general 
hospitals. They must present the highest recommendations and 
various credentials. It would seem as if the Red Cross would not have 
been able to secure any so stringent were its requirements, notwith¬ 
standing which it has over 3,000 enrolled. The Red Cross is expend¬ 
ing for this purpose between two and three thousand dollars a year, 
and Miss Delano’s valuable services are given gratuitously. More¬ 
over, these nurses come for any Red Cross service for just half of their 
regular fees. They give 50 per cent of their salaries, supporting them¬ 
selves, as they have to do, for the sake of the Red Cross in time of war 
or in case of disaster. 

To show you how promptly the service works, I might mention that 
a year ago the Surgeon General asked for six nurses to send to the 
Mexican border. In about five hours’ time Miss Delano had the nurses 
ready to start. They went to the border, and from the confidential 
reports we have had from the Surgeon General’s office they each have 
a fine record. We have now in the flooded district 11 of these Red 
Cross trained nurses, and our reports of them are most satisfactory. 
They are all doing hard work, and, you understand, this is done under 
difficult conditions and circumstances, not like nursing in a private 
house. 

Under the war-relief board there is the subcommittee on first aid. 
It is not until it is realized in the unfortunate event of the breaking 
out of war how necessary are hospital orderlies. This subcommittee 
will provide men trained in that work available for active service. 
Moreover, to show how continually necessary this work is you only 
have to remember that there have been 30,000 men killed in our coal 
mines during the last 10 years and nearly 100,000 injured; the rail¬ 
road statistics of accidents are equally great, and annually hundreds 
of thousands of injuries make an equally appalling showing in the 
industrial world. 

For the first-aid instruction the Red Cross is employing at the pres¬ 
ent time three physicians to organize the work. One is working in the 
Southern States—Alabama and Tennessee; two are on first-aid cars, 
traveling schools, which are carried by the railroads free. One of these 
cars we hope this summer to send up into the lumber district in the 
Northwest. Classes for these instructions are being organized through- 


6 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 

out the country, and being extended to the firemen and policemen of 
cities, the Y. M. C. A., and the Y. W. C. A. Last year 150,000 per¬ 
sons were provided with first-aid instructions. The Red Cross first- 
aid textbooks have been translated into Slovak, Polak, Italian, and 
Lithuanian, to reach the miners of those nationalities. The Red 
Cross expended for this purpose $12,000 last year, and will expend 
$15,000 or more this year in this department of its work. 

Of course the knowledge secured by such training is of constant 
value all over the country. These men are at hand in case of accident 
in the mines and on railroads, and they are well fitted to give first aid. 
Many of these miners have given exhibitions of their training recently. 
At Pittsburgh, in October last, more than 40 teams from different 
mines were present, coming from as far west as the State of Washing¬ 
ton, and also from Western, Southern, Central, and Eastern States. 
That is something of the work that the Red Cross is doing. 

The second board is the National Relief Board. This has to do 
with national relief work. Since the Red Cross reorganization in 1905 
it has been doing relief work from Chelsea, Boston, to San Francisco, 
on the east and west; on the north, from the boundaries of Canada 
at Beaudette and Spooner, to Key West, on the Gulf. It is now en¬ 
gaged in relief work for the Mississippi River floods and for the Titanic 
wreck sufferers. At any time it is ready to respond to calls for help 
in any part of the country. How that work is done and the impor¬ 
tance of it is another feature of the work. For instance, take the 
Cherry mine disaster, by which were left dependent 150 widows and 
between four and five hundred children. The Red Cross has made 
arrangements with the best charities organizations of the country to 
obtain from them their trained workers, who are placed under Mr. Bick- 
nell, the national director, for active work after disaster. At Cherry, 
under Mr. Bicknell’s direction, two good women from the charity 
organization of Chicago who could speak Polish and Italian to those 
poor women aided in the temporary relief, while Mr. Bicknell perfected 
the permanent relief plan by which all the contributed funds were 
consolidated and are now being paid out on a system of pension for 
each widow and minor child until the children are of an age to sup¬ 
port themselves and the fund is exhausted. The mayor of Cherry 
writes that the plan is working “like a charm/’ the families are kept 
together, the children sent to school, and the funds safeguarded from 
dishonest persons who might have gotten them away from these poor 
foreign women. The Red Cross became the wage earner of the family 
and the guardian of the children. 

When Beaudette and Spooner in northern Minnesota were burned 
by a forest fire, the Treasury Department permitted the Red Cross 
to import lumber across the Rainy River from Canada without duty. 
Expert carpenters were sent to the villages and under their direction 
the men put to work rebuilding homes for themselves. In a month’s 
time and before winter weather came on the people all were under 
shelter, and so enabled to oontinue their lumber work during the win¬ 
ter and their farming in the spring, and were not forced from lack of 
shelter to drift to towns and cities, where they would have added to 
the pauper class. 

After the storm at Key West the problem of relief was met by the 
plan of providing material for the sponge fishermen’s boats, which 
they were set to rebuild and while so occupied were paid a daily wage 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 7 

out of relief funds. A boat completed, its owner was again on his 
feet and needed no further relief. 

The money which is contributed, often in checks of large amounts, 
often in sums of a few cents, has been honestly and properly admin¬ 
istered and administered in such a way as to put the sufferers back 
again on their feet. A large percentage of the people who suffer from 
disaster—certainly over 90 per cent—are self-respecting people who 
would not need help except in case of a serious disaster which over¬ 
whelms them and the community around them. The duty of the 
Red Cross is to provide means whereby these victims may be re¬ 
habilitated. 

The National Relief Board has also charge of the Red Cross Christ¬ 
mas seal, which in four years has raised $1,000,000 for tuberculosis 
work. 

The International Relief Board has charge of relief work for foreign 
disasters. You will remember, Senator Newlands, when we were in 
Canton, China, what a feeling of animosity to the United States there 
was. Senator Root said the return of the indemnity and the work the 
Red Cross did for the famine relief had done more to change the atti¬ 
tude of the Chinese people than anything else. Over $300,000 was 
sent that year for the famine victims. In fact, Senator Root said not 
long ago that he did not believe the public had any idea of the great 
power possessed by the Red Cross to strengthen our friendly relation¬ 
ship with other nations. 

The Red Cross relief work is done for many different disasters. 
After the Italian earthquake the Red Cross organizations from all 
over the world cooperated in the relief work for the victims. 

The American Red Cross has one preventive work also which is of 
benefit to the Government. When the bubonic plague broke out in 
Manchuria, Drs. Strong and Teague, of Manila, taking their lives in 
their hands, worked for five weeks at the plague hospital at Mukden. 
The Red Cross paid the expense of this investigation. When the inter¬ 
national conference met, they were the leading men in the conference. 
The plague was arrested. If it had continued it would have prob¬ 
ably spread through China, invaded the Philippine Islands, and 
might have reached our own western coast. This is a good example 
of the preventive work of the Red Cross. The Red Cross spent 
$3,000 for this work. The doctors were paid nothing; they gave their 
services free, and, as I said, they took their lives in their hands to do it. 

Since the Red Cross reorganization in 1905 the public has given 
to it for relief work over five and a half million dollars, and I think 
it means much to the country to have had this money honestly and 
well expended, so that the Rea Cross is an organization that is of value 
to the Government and to the people. 

The public has little idea as to how our governmental departments 
turn to the Red Cross. The State Department only lately has asked 
it to send to three different consuls in Mexico and the ambassador 
at Mexico City $500 each to bring certain Americans home that have 
been forced away from their occupations in the country by the troubles 
there and who have no means with which to return to the United 
States. At the time of the earthquake in Costa Rica the Navy 
and Army departments asked to give them a guaranty so that before 
Congress passed a bill allowing the departments to send tents and 
blankets that were at Panama to these suffering people exposed to 


8 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 


the tropical rains they could act without an unfortunate delay. 
This the Red Cross did. The Interior Department at the time of 
the fires in Montana asked it to take care of the civilian employees 
injured in fighting the fires. The soldiers who were injured were 
sent to Army hospitals, but the department had no money to care 
for the sick civilian employees. 

The other day at the time of the Titanic disaster the Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor asked Mr. Bicknell, the Red Cross national 
director, to accompany him to New York to aid in the immediate 
care of the steerage women and children as they landed. The Red 
Cross has charge in New York of the Titanic relief fund, as last year 
it had charge of the Triangle shirt waist factory fire fund. One 
never knows when and where the Government may need the assist¬ 
ance of this organization, and the Red Cross is always ready to 
respond. Therefore I think it is eminently fitting that the organiza¬ 
tion of the Red Cross, which is of such constant value to the Gov¬ 
ernment of the country, should have the use of such a proposed 
memorial, and that it is also just and fitting that the Government 
of the United States should do its part in recognizing by such a 
memorial building the work of the loyal women during the Civil War. 

Mr. Scrymser will tell you how he became interested in this. I 
beg also to submit a portion of an article published in the April Red 
Cross Bulletin which tells something in brief of the work done by the 
women during the Civil War. 

Thus does the Commandery of the State of New York of the Mili¬ 
tary Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States awaken into life 
a project that has lam dormant since the Civil War and which must 
appeal most strongly to all patriotic men and women. 

But to perpetuate merely the memory of these noble women in a 
monument of bronze or stone did not appeal to the men who inaugu¬ 
rated this action. They conceived not only of a remembrance of the 
loyal service of these women, but of a monument that would forever 
perpetuate the patriotic and humane spirit that inspired their labors. 
For this purpose the Commandery of the State of New York proposed 
that the monument to be erected take the form of a building to be 
given for headquarters of the American Red Cross in perpetuity, pro¬ 
vided Congress would appropriate an equal amount as a contribution 
of the United States toward the purchase of a suitable site, the im¬ 
provement of the grounds, and construction of the building. The 
Red Cross on its part is to agree to secure an endowment fund whose 
income will be sufficient to maintain the building for all time. 

Congress has appropriated nearly five millions of dollars for monu¬ 
ments for men in the District of Columbia. The public contributed 
to these monuments less than $200,000. We believe Congress will not 
fail to show the gratitude of the Nation for the labors, the sacrifices, 
the sufferings of the loyal women of the Civil War by appropriating 
the desired amount. In the case of the monuments erected to men 
in the District, Congress appropriated 25 times what the public con¬ 
tributed, but in this case Congress is asked to appropriate only one- 
half the entire amount in recognition of the wonderful service done by 
these women. 

Dr. Henry W. Bellows, president of the United States Sanitary 
Commission, a commission inaugurated by a great meeting of women 
held at Cooper Institute in New York, April, 1861, in the introduction 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OP THE UNITED STATES. 9 


to “Woman’s Work in the Civil War,” speaks with the utmost enthu¬ 
siasm of their spirit and their labors. No one could know more of 
this than Dr. Bellows. For the Sanitary Commission alone some 
$5,000,000 was raised, mostly by the efforts of the women, and it is 
considered not an overestimate to say that through the thousands of 
soldiers’ aid societies and other organizations a total of $50,000,000 in 
money and supplies was secured by the women of the country for‘the 
aid and relief of the soldiers. Had we space we would quote Dr. 
Bellows’s article in full, but we must content ourselves with a few 
brief quotations: 

Thousands of women, obscure in their homes, humble in their fortunes, and all 
human trace of whose labors is forever lost, contributed as generously of their substance 
and as freely of their time and strength, and gave as unreservedly their hearts and their 
prayers to the cause as the most conspicuous of the shining list. * * * Women 
there were in this war who, without a single relative in the Army, denied themselves 
for the whole four years the comforts to which they had been accustomed, went thinly 
clad, took the extra blanket from their bed, never tasted tea or sugar or flesh, that 
they might wind another bandage around some unknown soldier’s wound or give some 
parched lip in the hospital another sip of wine. The American women, after giving 
up to the ranks of the gathering and advancing armies their husbands and sons, their 
brothers and lovers, proceeded to organize relief for them. * * * 

It is impossible to overestimate the amount of consecrated work done by the loyal 
women of the North for the Army. Hundreds of thousands of women probably gave 
all the leisure they could command and all the money they could save and spare to the 
soldiers the whole four years and more of the war. Amid discouragements and fearful 
delays they never flagged, but to the last increased in zeal and devotion. * * * 

No words are adequate to describe the systematic, persistent faithfulness of the 
women who organized ano led the branches of the Unitea States Sanitary Commission. 
Their volunteer labor had all the regularity of paid services and a heartiness and earn¬ 
estness which no paid services can ever have. Storms nor heat could keep them from 
their posts, and they wore on their laces, and finally evinced in their breaking con¬ 
stitutions, the marks of the cruel strain put upon their minds and their hearts. * * * 

The prodigious exertion put forth by the women who founded and conducted the 
great fairs for the soldiers in a dozen principal cities and in many large towns were only- 
surpassed by the planning, skill, and administrative ability which accompanied their 
progress and the marvelous success in which they terminated. Their vastness of con¬ 
ception and their splendid results are to be set as an everlasting crown of woman’s 
capacity for large and money-yielding enterprises. 

Of the labor of women in the hospitals and in the field, Dr. Bellows 
says: 

The women who did hospital service continually, or who kept themselves near the 
base of armies in the field, or who moved among the camps, or traveled with the corps 
were an exceptional class, as rare as heroines always are; a class representing no social 
grade, but coming from all, belonging to no rank or age of life in particular, sometimes 
young and sometimes old, sometimes refined and sometimes rude, now of fragile phys¬ 
ical aspect and then of extraordinary robustness, but in all cases women with a mighty 
love and earnestness in their hearts, a love and pity and an ability to show it forth and 
to labor in behalf of it. * * * They risked their lives in fevered hospitals, they 
lived in tents or slept in ambulance wagons for months together, they fell sick of fevers 
themselves, and after long illness returned to the old business of hospital and field serv¬ 
ice. They carried into their work their womanly tenderness, their copious sympathies, 
their great-hearted devotion. * * * 

It remains only to say a word about the influence of the work of the women in the 
war upon the strength and unanimity of the public sentiment and on the courage and 
fortitude of the Army itself. * * * Following in imagination the work of their own 
hands, they seemed to be present on the field and in the ranks, they studied the course 
of the armies, they watched the policy of the Government, they learned the character 
of the generals, they threw themselves into the war, and so they helped wonderfully 
to keep up the enthusiasm, or to rebuke the lukewarmness, or to check the despond¬ 
ency and apathy which at times settled over the people. Men were ashamed to doubt 
where women trusted, or to murmur where they submitted, or to do little where they 
did so much. * * * 

They proved that what has again been demonstrated, that what the women of a 
country resolve shall be-done, will and must be done. 


10 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 


STATEMENT OF MR. JAMES A. SCRYMSER, REPRESENTING 

THE COMMANDERY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK OF THE 

MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

Mr. Scrymser. As familiar as I am with this subject, I never real¬ 
ized, until I heard Miss Boardman’s splendid account of the work of 
the Red Cross, the necessity of having the headquarters of that 
organization adequately provided for, where the work which she has 
explained could be carried on to a great deal better advantage than 
in the two little rooms it now occupies at the War Department. 
Indeed, it seems almost impossible to care for that great work in those 
small quarters. 

I came here to-day as a representative of the Loyal Legion, Com- 
mandery of the State of New York. My intention was to speak 
mainly of the early days of the war and to tell you something of the 
women that I knew and of the splendid men I knew. To-day I 
want to take as my hero and my heroine Mr. and Mrs. Francis C. 
Barlow. 

It was my good fortune to know Mr. Barlow a year before the war. 
We were members of the same club and on one occasion some members 
were discussing the question of slavery, when Mr. Barlow intervened 
and said, “You gentlemen can talk slavery until you are deaf and 
dumb; the time will come when the mightiest war of modern times 
will be occasioned by the struggle for the suppression of slavery.” 
Later, in talking with him, I said, “Frank, you are right. When the 
time comes I will enlist if you will.” 

When President Lincoln called for volunteers in April, 1861 , Barlow 
wrote to me, saying, “The time has come; meet me at Delmonico's 
and we will enlist.” We went out on Broadway, which was a sight. 
There were groups of men everywhere who were following drums 
and fifes and being marched off to armories and there enlisted. We 
visited several armories, but saw no one we knew, and finally wan¬ 
dered up Broadway, and in the doorway of an armory I saw a man 
in a gorgeous full-dress uniform. I knew him, and I asked him, 
“What regiment is this and what are you ?” and he said, “This is the 
Twelfth Regiment and I am chaplain and this is a damned good regi¬ 
ment.” Whereupon Barlow tapped me on the shoulder and said, 
“This is the regiment we must enlist in. A regiment that has a 
chaplain that swears is the regiment we must join.” 

So upstairs we went and enlisted. As Barlow left the armory he 
said, “I am going uptown to be married.” 

The next morning when the regiment was paraded on Union Square 
I saw a handsome woman on the curbstone in tears. Barlow beckoned 
to me and said, “Jim, that is the bride.” 

When the regiment marched she took his arm and marched with it 
down Broadway. Finally we brought up in Washington and en¬ 
camped in Franklin Square on Fourteenth Street. Barlow had been 
made a captain and I was a lieutenant. Barlow at that time did not 
look to be over 18 years of age. In fact, he was known as the boy 
general in the Army. One Sunday morning the regiment having left 
the camp, I was in charge of the camp grounds. 

I heard a lady talking outside the guardhouse to one of the sentries. 
I heard a woman's voice say, “I will come in.” The answer was, 


MEMOKIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 11 

“No, you can not come in.” She said, “I will come in; I am the 
wife of Capt. Barlow.” And she was met with the reply, “No, you 
don’t; that boy is no husband of yours.” 

The next time I saw Mrs. Barlow was on the morning of the Battle 
of Antietam, the 17th of September, 1862. I was riding through 
what was known as the east woods, east of the Dunkard Church, 
which was then about the center of the battle, and there I found this 
lone woman. I do not suppose there was another woman within 5 
miles. I said, “Mrs. Barlow, what are you doing here?” She said, 
“You know I belong to the Christian Commission and I left Balti¬ 
more yesterday and was detailed for service at Hagerstown, and last 
night I heard there was going to be a fight down here and so here 
I am.” I said, “Did you leave Hagerstown last night?” She said, 
“Yes; and I have tramped 17 miles, and here I am, and this is my 
only escort,” pointing to a negro with a wheelbarrow and trunk and 
a bandbox. 

I had seen a field hospital being organized down in a valley, so I 
took Mrs. Barlow there and left her in charge of the surgeons. About 
noon I was out at the front and saw Barlow brought in on a stretcher. 
I directed that he be taken down to the field hospital, as I knew his 
wife was there. In a few minutes she was alongside of him and she 
saved his life by careful nursing. 

Again, at the Battle of Gettysburg in July, 1863, Barlow was 
badly wounded in the first day’s fight. He was terribly wounded and 
fell within the enemy’s lines. Gen. Early and Gen. Gordon came 
along and when they saw Barlow, Gen. Gordon said, “Here is a 
Yankee officer, perhaps we can do something for him.” Gen. Early 
said, “No, he is too far gone; we can not do anything for him.” 
Gen. Gordon then got down and gave Barlow a drink; whereupon 
Barlow raised himself on his elbow and said, “Gen. Early, I will live 
to whip you yet.” Barlow gave him a package and said, “Here are 
some letters from my wife; if I die, destroy them; if I live, keep them 
and give them to me.” 

Mrs. Barlow was with Gen. Hancock’s command 14 miles away. 
Hancock’s command did not reach Gettysburg until the afternoon. 
She soon heard that Barlow had fallen wounded within the enemy’s 
lines and she appealed to Gen. Hancock for permission to go through 
the lines to care for him. He said, “ No, Madam; for military reasons 
you can not pass through the lines.” However, after dark, she went 
down to the picket lines and gathered up her skirts and ran over to 
the enemy’s lines. She said both sides fired on her. As soon as she 
entered the enemy’s lines she was treated with the utmost courtesy, 
taken to the hospital, and she again nursed Barlow and again saved 
his life. 

I speak of this lady simply as one of a type of which there were 
thousands, who would have shown the same courage and devotion 
under like circumstances. 

Again, at the Battle of the Wilderness Barlow fulfilled his threat 
when he said he would whip Gen. Early. He captured half of Gen. 
Early’s command and 16 of his guns, the only redeeming feature of 
that battle. He was again wounded and was placed upon a steamer 
and sent to Washington, and on that steamer his guardian angel, 
Mrs. Barlow, reappeared. Again she nursed him and again saved his 
life. Mrs. Barlow died of camp fever in 1864. Barlow entered the 


12 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 

service as a private and retired as a major general. Afterwards he 
was elected secretary of state and attorney general of the State of 
New York. A few days before his death—I think it was in 1896—I 
went to see him and he said to me, “Jim, do you remember Arabella ?” 
He said, “The time will soon come when the finest monument in this 
country will be built to the memory of the women of the Civil War,” 
and I am here, gentlemen, to ask that you will appropriate the sum 
necessary for the site as provided in this bill. I will personally 
guarantee the cost of the memorial building. 

It is intended that this monumental building shall stand for all 
time as a symbol of the nation’s gratitude to the loyal women of 
America who freely gave not only their fathers, brothers, husbands, 
and sons, but many of them who threw themselves into the conflict 
as Army nurses endured perils and suffered hardships that were little 
less than those sustained by the soldiers on the firing line. 

Miss Boardman. Thus we would have a memorial useful in the 
same line of work which was inaugurated by the women of our 
country during the Civil War. 

Are there any questions any of the Senators desire to ask ? 

The Chairman. Have you the bill here before you ? The amount 
mentioned first is $500,000. 

Miss Boardman. That was changed and made $300,000. 

The Chairman. That is the maximum amount ? 

Miss Boardman. Yes. 

The Chairman. And Congress is not to be called upon until you 
have raised $300,000. 

Mr. Scrymser. Precisely. 

The Chairman. Do you think that sum will be adequate for site 
and building? 

Miss Boardman. We think so, sir. Of course, you see, in the first 
place this monument should have a good site. It should be in a con¬ 
venient situation on account of the work of the Red Cross. 

The Chairman. How does that building compare in size with the 
Daughters’ Building or the Pan American Building ? 

Miss Boardman. It covers a little more than half the area of the 
former. It is a different shaped building. They have a deep 
building. 

Senator Newlands. Is that a deep building? 

Gen. Davis. About half as deep as wide. 

The Chairman. What is the length ? 

Gen. Davis. It is about 135 by 70. The plans are prepared. 

The Chairman. Plave you gone over it carefully, and do you think 
it would be adequate ? 

Miss Boardman. I think it would. 

Senator Newlands. Do you think that building could be con¬ 
structed for $300,000 ? 

Gen. Davis. The Daughters’ Building, which is almost double the 
size of this proposed building—157 by 150 feet—without counting 
the approaches, cost $475,000 with the site, which is of less area than 
is desired for the building now proposed. 

The Chairman. Four hundred and seventy-five thousand? 

Gen. Davis. Yes; for land and building. The site cost about 

$ 80 , 000 . 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OE THE UNITED STATES. 13 

Miss Boardman. They made a mistake in placing the Daughters’ 
Building so close to the street. 

The Chairman. It is almost a disfigurement as it is. 

Miss Boardman. Then, also, we should have land enough, Senator, 
in case we should have the misfortune of war, for extra temporary 
buildings, for then there will be a great deal of additional work. A 
large amount of supplies would have to be stored and packed, and if 
we had the available land back of this building, temporary structures 
could be placed there for this work. 

The Chairman. You would like to have a full square. 

Miss Boardman. We should have a considerable area to be used 
in case of emergency. For instance, the sanitary commission at the 
end of the Civil War had over 70 clerks employed alone. 

Gen. Davis. And it had buildings rented all over Washington. 

The Chairman. Who drew that plan ? 

Gen. Davis. Mr. Trowbridge, of Trowbridge & Livingstone. 

Senator Newlands. They are capital architects. 

Mr. Scrymser. They have just finished a great building on Wall 
Street. 

Senator Newlands'. They designed the Palace Hotel in San Fran¬ 
cisco. You would like to have this go forward as rapidly as possi¬ 
ble, would you not? 

Miss Boardman. Yes, sir, we would like to have it go forward 
rapidly. In the House- 

Senator Newlands. What do you think the probabilities are 
there ? 

Miss Boardman. They probably would not make any appropria¬ 
tion this session. What we want to do is to get a faVorable report 
by the committee and to get the bill on the calendar and get it through 
next December ? 

Senator Newlands. There is no reason why it should not be 
reported by the committee and passed by the Senate before this 
session closes. I am sure the Senate will be very glad to help it 
along. 

Miss Boardman. Of course that would be a great help to get that 
part of it done and then get it on the House calendar. 

Gen. Davis. I just want to say one word if I may in order that 
it may go down in the record. It would be pertinent to say that 
there is no member of the committees or the boards of the Red Cross—- 
the board of incorporators, the central committee, the executive 
committee—or any one of these boards mentioned by Miss Board- 
man who receives any salary or compensation for his services. 

Mr. Scrymser. If it was not for this project, I think it very likely 
the Red Cross people would be here in a year or two asking Congress 
to appropriate millions of dollars for a building for the American 
Red Cross, and I think it would be entitled to it. 

The Chairman. I notice in this bill you say the American Red 
Cross. 

Miss Boardman. The name of the organization is the American 
National Red Cross. That ought not to be left out. It was not put 
on the seal because the word “ National ” made it so long. That is the 
name under which the congressional charter was issued and under 
which the Red Cross was incorporated—American National Red 
Cross. 



14 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The Chairman. Personally, I want to cay that I am in sympathy 
with your movement. 

Senator Newlands. I am sure I shall be very glad to cooperate in 
any way. 

Is the title to the land to vest in the United States ? 

Miss Boardman. Yes. 

The Chairman. What does this architect estimate the cost will be ? 

Mr. Scrymser. Less than $300,000. 

Senator Newlands. To be built of what? 

Mr. Scrymser. Of French gray stone. 

Miss Boardman. I wonder what it would cost if it were made of 
marble. 

Senator Newlands. Yes; or limestone. 

Gen. Davis. You mean imported marble? 

Mr. Scrymser. Can you tell me if the buildings of the Bed Cross 
abroad are owned by the nation or by the society ? 

Miss Boardman. They differ in different countries. In Russia 
they have a number of large buildings and hospitals. 

Mr. Scrymser. In Budapest there is a splendid building, and I 
wondered whether that building was owned by the Government or 
by the society. 

Miss Boardmen. I can not tell you. In Brazil the Government 
has just appropriated money for the purchase of land and I think has 
given something toward the building. The Japanese are just fin¬ 
ishing a new building in that country. 

Mr. Scrymser. How is it in Germany ? 

Miss Boardman. I do not know. I know that in Japan the site 
was given for the hospital. I know in Budapest they have this 
building, but how provided I do not know. 

Mr. Scrymser. Senator, there is one fact that I would like to bring 
out. When the Red Cross was organized at the convention in 1864, 
and the neutrality of nurses and the privilege given to them of going 
and coming within the enemy’s lines was agreed upon, it was largely 
by reason of the experience and knowledge gained in our Civil War. 
It was in 1862 and 1863 that Mrs. Barlow was so well received within 
the enemy’s lines, and on her tramp from Hagerstown she said she 
was not molested and that when she showed her documents she was 
passed right along. So in our Civil War the neutrality of nurses was 
first established. 

Miss Boardman. Mr. Scrymser, one very interesting point about 
this is that when that first Red Cross convention was held in 1864 a 
number of military men raised the question as to whether the pro¬ 
visions for this practice of allowing neutrality for the medical service 
and protection of the hospital nurses was a possible thing. Mr. 
Bowles, who was one of the representatives of the United States 
Government at this convention and also the European representative 
of the sanitary commission, testified that during our Civil War a great 
many of these provisions proposed for this Geneva treaty had already 
been put into effect and that they were successfully carried out; he 
also told of the work of the sanitary commission. It was undoubt¬ 
edly the turning point in that convention. He gave a practical illus¬ 
tration of the fact that such proposals had been put in practice. 
After the convention adjourned there was a large dinner, at which 
there first appeared the Red Cross flag, It is the flag of Switzerland 

P D 1* 


MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 15 

with its colors reversed, and the presiding officer took that flag from 
the center of the table and gave it to Mr. Bowles in token of the 
recognition of the sanitary commission’s work during the Civil War. 
So it is rather interesting to find that it was due to the sanitary com¬ 
mission’s work and our own Army instructions which probably made 
possible this treaty of Geneva. 

There was a little incident that came up the other day that was 
interesting also. In this insurrection in China, Miss Clark, who was 
at Woo Chang, the librarian of the Boone Library, I think, told us in 
the office that she with a number of others worked in the hospital 
established under the Red Cross, an American hospital. There were 
other hospitals of other nations—English and German. The Chinese 
brought to this hospital were very much alarmed, and they would say 
to these women, “Are you not afraid?” The reply would be, “We 
are not afraid, because we are under the Red Cross.” She said that 
that was not quite true, because they did not know how the Chinese 
would regard the Red Cross, but the revolutionary party was in¬ 
structed to respect it, and the result was that the Chinamen began 
to bring'in their portable property to put it in these hospitals as the 
only way they could secure protection. They began to recognize the 
power of an emblem that they had nevel* before seen, and it is an 
interesting fact historically as showing how that emblem has reached 
out everywhere. 

Then, too, we have some very interesting historical objects. We 
have a badge showing the first use of the Red Cross by the sanitary 
commission. It was not even red, but it was cut in silver in this 
badge. The Red Cross has also a large silver cross presented by Mr. 
Fay, of Chelsea, Mass. It had been given to his father when his 
father disbanded his sanitary corps. 

Gen. Davis. The auxiliary relief corps. 

Miss Boardman. This was given to the Red Cross, and eventually 
it will secure many interesting souvenirs which will show the connec¬ 
tion between the sanitary commission and the Red Cross. 

The Chairman. You say you thought of constructing this building 
of Caen stone ? 

Mr. Scrymser. Mr. Trowbridge was on his way to Europe and 
said he would make this sketch. Of course, it will be very much 
elaborated and worked out in detail, and will be very much more 
effective than the one which appears here. It was simply in course 
of conversation that French stone was suggested. The Altman 
Building on Fifth Avenue is built of that. 

The Chairman. I think it is a beautiful material; but whether it 
would be suitable in Washington in contrast with other public build¬ 
ings, I am doubtful. 

Miss Boardman. I want to say, Senator, that there is not a monu¬ 
ment to the women of the Civil War. 

Gen. Davis. The Confederates are building one in Columbia, S. C., 
the Southern women. 

Mr. Scrymser. Within a week after this project was noted in the 
newspapers all through the South they undertook the getting up of 
subscriptions, and down in Tampa, the county in which Tampa is 
located, over $5,000 was raised within a week. 

Thereupon, at 12.15 o’clock p. m., the committee adjourned. 


16 MEMORIAL TO THE LOYAL WOMEN OF THE UNITED STATES. 


June 30, 3912. 

Red Cross receipts , 1912. 


For relief work from Jan. 1 to June 30, 1912. $401, 452 

Amount raised by sale of Red Cross Christmas seals this year for anti¬ 
tuberculosis campaign. 338,018 


Total. 739,470 

Red Cross receipts since reorganization, 1905. 

For relief work. $5, 663,118 

Amount raised by sale of Red Cross Christmas seals in four years. 1, Oil, 027 

For endowment fund. 890, 597 


Total. 7,564,742 

Note. —This does not include contributions for membership dues and interest on 
funds for administrative purposes, contributions for first-aid and nursing departments; 
nor hundreds of thousands of dollars’ worth of clothing, food, and other supplies; nor 
the free transportation granted by railroads for supplies and for the Red Cross first-aid 
cars; nor the free use of wires given by telegraph and telephone companies in cases of 
Berious disasters, etc. 

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